Strings and Functions

Some strings below can help find the instances of a certain word to replacing a word in a sentence at random

  • const lionFact = sets the value for lionFact
  • toLowerCase and toUpperCase makes the given sentence in lionFact entirely lowercase or Uppercase
// String Example and Case Conversion
const lionFact = "lions are the only cats that live in groups";

// Convert to lowercase and uppercase
console.log(lionFact.toLowerCase());  // Lowercase
console.log(lionFact.toUpperCase());  // Uppercase

lions are the only cats that live in groups

LIONS ARE THE ONLY CATS THAT LIVE IN GROUPS

Occurrences

  • The .match() method returns all matches of the string “the” in tiger_fact using a regular expression (/the/g).

  • The g flag ensures that the following code finds all occurrences in the string, not just the first one.

// Count occurrences of the word 'groups'
let count = (lionFact.match(/the/g) || []).length;
console.log(count);

Finding Index

  • index is finding the first letter of a given word in a given const
// Example finding Index of a Substring
console.log(lionFact.indexOf("group"));  // Find the index of the word 'group'

38

The g in group was the 38th character in the lionFact

Replacing Substrings

  • .replace can replace a word in a given const to another word as shown below
// Replacing Substrings
let newLionFact = lionFact.replace('lions', 'giraffes');
console.log(newLionFact);  // Replaced string

// Or replace it directly
lionFact = lionFact.replace('lions', 'giraffes');
console.log(lionFact);  // Replaced string directly

giraffes are the only cats that live in groups

Concatenation

  • Used to join together multiple variables
  • can get messy at times as shown below if not in good format
// Concatenation
let fish = "fish";
let fish1 = "angel";
let fish2 = "cat";
let fish3 = "puffer";

// Bad format
let badFormatSpecies = fish1 + fish + fish2 + fish + fish3 + fish;
console.log(badFormatSpecies);

// Good format with commas
let goodFormatSpecies = `${fish1}${fish}, ${fish2}${fish}, and ${fish3}${fish}`;
console.log(goodFormatSpecies);

angelfishcatfishpufferfish

angelfish, catfish, pufferfish

Explanation for “Good” and “Bad” formatting

  • fish1 + fish: Concatenates the value of fish1 with fish. This is equivalent to what you can do in Python with fish1 + fish.

  • , ‘ ‘: The comma and space are explicitly added in between fish1 + fish and fish2 + fish to ensure proper formatting and cleaning output.

  • ${} Templateliteral.The ${} syntax is used to embed expressions inside the string. Each ${fish1}${fish} inserts the value of fish1 followed by fish into the string.

Formatted Strings

  • The variable betterFormatSpecies is defined using a template literal (denoted by backticks `).

  • Inside the template literal, the values of the variables fish1, fish2, fish3, and fish are embedded using ${} syntax from before.

  • This string uses commas to separate the fish types and includes the word “and” before the last fish.

// Formatted Strings
let betterFormatSpecies = `${fish1}${fish}, ${fish2}${fish}, and ${fish3}${fish} are my favorite fish!`;
console.log(betterFormatSpecies);

angelfish, catfish, pufferfish are my favorite fish!

Popcorn Hack 2:

Try to list (in the below code cell) 3 examples of good formatting and 3 for bad formatting.

%%js

// Here is the code for popcorn hack 2

// Bad Examples
console.log("Bad Examples:");

// 1. Bad: Concatenation without spaces
console.log("Hello," + "World!");  // Difficult to read, lacks space between words

// 2. Bad: Concatenation with many variables without clear structure
let firstName = "Jane";
let lastName = "Doe";
console.log("Full name: " + firstName + lastName);  // No space between names, hard to follow

// Good Examples
console.log("Good Examples:");

// 1. Good: Clear, single-line template literal
console.log(`Hello, World! How's everyone doing today?`);  // Clean, easy to read, and uses template literals

// 2. Good: Template literals with variables for clear structure
console.log(`Full name: ${firstName} ${lastName}`);  // Readable and properly spaced with template literals

// 3. Good: Multiline template literals for better readability in complex sentences
console.log(`Good Morning, ${firstName} ${lastName}! 
${greeting}! How are you today?`);  
// Easy to read, structured across lines, and no need for + operators




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